Friday, February 29, 2008

우문현답


가끔 읽을 때마다 웃음을 참을 수 없다.

한편으로는 속 시원하기도 하고 ㅋㅋ






작성자 : 황진국

작성일 : 2004년06월10일


1992 년인가 1993년인가 늦가을인가 늦봄인가의 어느날 오후2시 과천현대미술관내 대강당에서 '백남준과의 대화'라는 행사가 있었다. 결석과다로 에프의 위기에 몰린 오후과목에 대해 한 20초간 고민을 하다 현대미술관으로 달려갔다. 국내 유명한 예술,문화계인사들과 일반참석자로 초만원을 이뤘다. 행사는 주최측이 요구한 것에 대한 백남준의 설명이 있은후 문화계인사들의 질문과대답, 일반인들의 질문 순으로 이루어졌다. 그중 재미난 것 몇가지를 소개한다.

평론가 : 무어맨(여자, 미국, 행위예술가)과 염문 같은게 있었다는 소문이 있던데.. 실제로 어느정도 친한 사이셨나요? 뭐 작업외에 특별한 애정 같은게 있었나요?

Paik: 그런거 다 얘기하면 무슨 재미야. 미스테리가 있어야지.


문화계 인사 : 나는 예술이란.. 인간이 갖는 보편적 가치관을.. 어쩌구 저쩌구... (무려 10여분에 달하는 예술관을 죽 늘어놓으며) 이런걸 예술이라고 보는데 백선생께서는 예술을 무엇이라고 보시는지?

Paik: 예술에 대해서 아주 많이 아시네. 난 잘 모르는데. 다음 질문.(장내는 뒤집어졌다)


중학생여자아이 : 선생님 저는요... 화실에서 그림 그릴때여 미술선생님이 넌 왜 맨날 아무생각 없이 그림 그리니 라고 하시면서 혼을 내시거든여. 선생님께서는 무슨 생각을 하면서 하세요?

Paik: 너 정말 그림 그릴때 아무생각 없이 하니?

중학생여자아이 : 예.

Paik: 너 대단하구나! 나두 아직 작업할때면 이런저런 쓸데없는 생각이 드는데. 앞으로 선생님 말 듣지 말고 계속 아무생각 없이 해라!(장내엔 박수와 환호성이 터졌다)

Thursday, February 28, 2008

[영국느낌] 01 나누는 행복이 세상을 바꾼다


영국인에게 '자선Charity'은 특별한 의미를 가진다.

시내 곳곳에 있는 채리티숍Charity shop에서, 외국인에게 무료로 영어를 가르쳐주는 은퇴한 할아버지에게서, 밤새 술 마시고 놀고 나서도 그것이 자선 파티여서 더욱 즐거웠다는 발랄한 대학생에게서, 돋보기를 쓰면서도 식료품 점원으로 봉사하는 백발의 할머니를 보며 나는 영국인이 여기는 자원봉사와 자선활동에 대해 몇 가지 생각을 해 보았다.
아마도 영국에서 새롭게 터전을 잡은 새내기 이방인의 눈에 담긴 영국 문화의 가장 큰 특징 중 하나가 바로 이 자선정신이 아닐까 싶다.
영국인의 자선 행위에서 첫 번째 모토는 '주는 것'이다. 자신이 가진 것을 대가를 받지 않고 남에게 주는 것에서 자선은 시작한다. 줌으로써 더불어 나눔의 행복을 누린다. 두 번째는 '돕는 것'이다. 내가 가진 물건, 재능, 그 밖의 하찮은 것이라도, 심지어 나의 늙음조차도 남이 필요로 한다면 기꺼이 긍정적인 마음으로 돕는다. 어린이와 노인, 실업자, 환자 등 약자들을 위한 사회복지제도가 비교적 잘되어 있는 나라이기에 어찌 보면 사회구성원들이 이런 마음을 가지는 것이 자연스러운 것인지도 모른다.

이곳 영국에는 도심 상가는 물론이고, 대학 내에도 채리티숍이 있다. 전국적으로 20 여만 개가 있다고 한다. 새로운 환경에 정착하려고 각종 살림살이가 필요한 신입생들이 자주 애용하는 곳이다. 접시와 포크에서부터 학용품과 옷 등 각종 생활 용품들을 무척 저렴한 가격으로 판다. 진열된 상품들은 모두 무료로 기부 받은 물건들이며, 점원들 역시 전원 자원봉사자들이다. 판매액은 채리티숍 운영과 다른 형태의 자선활동에 다시 쓰인다. 주요한 채리티숍의 간판에는 다음과 같은 자선단체의 이름이 적혀 있다. Oxfam, Cancer Research UK, Help the Aged, FARA Charity Shop.


영국의 ‘자선’에 대해 얘기할 때 빠져서는 안 될 사람이 있다. 고인이 된 다이아나 황태자비이다. 그녀에 대한 향수는 아직 대다수 영국인들의 가슴 한 쪽에 남아 있다.
지난 7월 1일, 런던 웸블리경기장에서는 다이아나 사망 10주년을 추모하는 자선 공연 'Concert for Diana'가 열렸다. 그녀의 두 아들 윌리엄William과 해리Harry가 준비한 행사였다. 고인이 된 엄마를 기억하는 수많은 사람들이 춤추고 노래했다. 6만 명이 넘는 관객이 입장 했고, 전 세계 1천 5백만 명이 집에서 텔레비전으로 시청했다고 한다. 콘서트의 마지막에 윌리엄은 이런 말을 했다. "For us, this has been the most perfect way of remembering her. And this is how she would want to be remembered." 다이아나가 이토록 영국인의 사랑을 받고 기억되는 이유는 무엇일까?


마침 사진 촬영차 방문한 한 채리티숍에서 자원봉사하시는 할머니에게 가볍게 여쭤보았다. 가뜩이나 수다스러운 영국 할머니에게 다이아나에 대한 질문은 몇 시간이고 얘기할 수 있는 최고의 화두였다. 기다렸다는 듯이, 마치 다이아나가 옛 친구나 되는 양 마구 풀어내는 다이아나에 대한 추억담을 여기에 다 옮길 수는 없지만, 할머니의 답변에서는 다이아나가 대다수 영국 국민들에게 단순히 왕족의 여인이었기보다는 마음씨 따뜻한 자선의 천사였음을 느낄 수 있었다. 아직까지도 매스컴에서 끊이지 않고 들리는 그녀의 스캔들은 유명인 ‘뒷담화’에 관심 많기로 악명 높은 영국인 특유의 가십거리에 불과한 것 같다.

내가 세 번째로 느낀 영국인의 자선 활동의 특징은 그것이 세상을 바꾸기 위한 작은 노력의 출발이라는 것이다. 남에게 무엇인가를 베푸는 행위로 인해 생기는 소소한 관계들은 자발적인 것이기에, 자선에 참여하는 사람들은 창조하는 즐거움과 그로인한 변화를 무척 긍정적으로 수용한다. 이는 “문화적 전염”으로 발전할 수 있다.
그런 면에서, 어느 날 갑자기 자신의 재산 대부분을 사회에 환원하겠다는 어느 악덕 부자의 선언은 세상을 바꿀 작은 밑거름이 되기 힘들다. 소박하고 순수한 자선의 정신에 어울릴 수 없다. 왜냐하면 그런 행위에는 기부자의 창조적 정신이 담겨 있지 못하고 자선의 정신을 돈으로 단순 치환하는 미천한 자본주의의 상흔이기 때문이다.

주변에 올해 연세가 75세가 되신 영국 할머니가 주변에 계신다. 국가가 지급하는 연금으로 생활하는 그 할머니는 매주 월요일 오전이면 외국인 주부들 몇몇을 집으로 초대해서 영국의 문화에 대해, 더 나아가 다문화 사회에 대해 서로 의견을 교환하고 공감하는 시간을 마련하신다. 모임에 참여한 사람들은 자잘한 지역의 생활 정보를 얻어가기도 하고, 자기 나라의 고유 음식을 소개하면서 함께 만들어보기도 한다. 할머니는 정한 시간이 되면 직접 운전을 하면서 자가용이 없는 가난한 외국인 손님들을 일일이 자기 집까지 데리고 온다. 이런 번거로움이 귀찮을 법도 한데, 할머니는 항상 즐겁고 기쁜 마음으로 머나먼 이국땅에서 외로움을 느끼는 사람들에게 따뜻한 친절을 베푼다.
무슨 거창한 목적이 있어서가 아니다. 다만 이 작은 자선의 관계가 더 큰 자선의 정신을 창조할 수 있을 것이라는 희망이 그 할머니를 움직인다.

‘global village’라는 단어와 그로 인한 변화는 우리가 진정 감당해야할 것들을 만들어 놓았다. 급격한 경제 성장으로 인해 외형적으로 비대해져가는 절름발이 성장으로 고민하고 있는 우리 사회 역시 그런 과제를 피할 수 없다. 이른바 선진국이라는 영국에서도 거대한 다문화적/다인종적 변화를 겪고 있다.


법과 행정만으로, 능숙한 금융 운용으로도 메우지 못할 수많은 틈들에 직면하고 있다.

이러한 틈들 주변에는 오랜 세월 영국인들의 문화 한쪽에서 커가고 있는 자선의 정신과 그 정신의 네트워크가 자리한다.

영국이 그저 '영어의 나라'여서, 왕년의 거대 제국이어서 부러움과 투자의 대상이 되고 있는 것은 아니다. ‘자선’이라는 문화의 내공이 시스템화되어 있는 이들의 정신적 저력이 더 대단하게 느껴진다.

Friday, February 22, 2008

그런 산은 그곳에 없다고 한다


서울을 떠나자고 결심했을 때
나의 마음 한 구석에는
쉽게 설명하지 못할 오기 같은 것이 있었다
누구에 대한 원망이기도 했고,
넘지못할 벽에 대한 어찌할 수 없는 연속된 패배가 예감된다는 자신없음이기도 했고,
그저 세상 돌아가는 모습 구경하자는 한량의 여유이기도 했다.
요즘 들어서 나는,
그때 나의 그 마음가짐이
지금 이곳에 나를 있게 한 그 마음가짐이
진정 내가 이곳에 있음을 정당화할 수 있는지 자꾸 자문한다
그래서 좀 생각이 많다
한국에 돌아가서 5년 내에
나의 어렸을 적 꿈을 이룰 수 있는 가능성은 사실 20퍼센트도 안된다
그것은 당연히 시간의 문제가 아니다
시간이 지난다고 자연스레 꿈을 이룰 수 있는 것이 아니라는 말이다
남들은 장미빛 미래가 기다리고 있을 테니
서둘러서 공부 마치라고 말들하지만
현실은 그렇지 않을게 뻔하다
거의 불가능하다
그렇다면 무슨 배짱으로 20퍼센트를 얘기하는거냐고
누가 묻는다면 …
그건 그저 실낱 같은 희망의 퍼센티지일뿐이라고 말하겠다
그런데도 내가 이곳에서
가난하고 여유롭지 못한 나의 모든 것에 매일 불평하고 한숨 쉬면서도
다시 서울로 돌아가지 않고
하루라도 더 버티려고 하는 이유가 뭔지
하루에도 수백번 생각한다
내가 중간에 돌아가는 것이,
요즘 인터넷에서 우스갯소리로 말해지는 ‘굴욕’인가
의지박약인가 중도포기인가 자포자기인가 …
잘 모르겠다
냉정한 현실은 애초의 목적을 달성할 때까지
나를 지지해 주지 못할텐데 ...
그래서 자꾸 나의 한숨 섞인 고민이 또 밤을 새우게 한다
그렇다고 무슨 해결책도 없으면서말이다

어렸을 때 내 이름과의 연관 무척 좋아했던 시인데
문득 생각이 난다


영산

김광규


내 어렸을 적 고향에는 신비로운 산이 하나 있었다.

아무도 올라가 본 적이 없는 영산이었다.

영산은 낮에 보이지 않았다.

산허리까지 잠긴 짙은 안개와 그 위를 덮은 구름으로 하여

영산은 어렴풋이 그 있는 곳만을 짐작할 수 있을 뿐이었다.

영산은 밤에도 잘 보이지 않았다.

구름없이 맑은 밤하늘 달빛 속에 또는 별빛 속에 거무스레 그 모습을 나타내는 수도 있지만 그 모양이 어떠하며 높이가 얼마나 되는지는 알 수 없었다.

내 마음을 떠나지 않는 영산이 불현듯 보고 싶어 고속버스를 타고 고향에 내려갔더니 이상하게도 영산은 온데간데 없어지고 이미 낯설은 마을 사람들에게 물어 보니 그런 산은 이곳에 없다고 한다.

Tuesday, February 19, 2008

Castro resigns as Cuban president


Castro resigns as Cuban president

Angela Balakrishnan and Mark Tran
guardian.co.uk,
Tuesday February 19 2008

Fidel Castro today announced his retirement as head of state of Cuba, 49 years after he seized power in an armed revolution.


With the exception of monarchs, his resignation will bring to an end the world's longest reign in power.

The 81-year-old, who handed over power to his brother, Raúl, in July 2006 after surgery, said in a letter published on the site of the official state newspaper, Granma: "I communicate to you that I will not aspire to or accept ... the position of president of council of state and commander in chief."

Castro had not appeared in public for almost 19 months after being stricken by an undisclosed illness. His retirement brings down the curtain on a political career that spanned the cold war, CIA assassination attempts and the demise of Soviet communism. He has outlasted nine US presidents.

A charismatic leader famous for his long speeches delivered in green military fatigues, Castro is admired in the developing world for standing up to the US, but considered by his opponents as an authoritarian who threw his critics into jail.

Castro hinted in December last year that he would stand down to make way for a leader from the younger generation.

He appeared on national television saying: "My essential duty is not to cling to office nor to obstruct the rise of people much younger, but to pass on experience and ideas whose modest value arises from the exceptional times in which I lived."

A new parliament elected in January will meet on Sunday. They will in turn elect a new president in March, just as the US is going through the process of choosing its own presidential candidates.

Castro's brother is expected to be nominated by the national assembly as president. Raúl was second in Cuba's power structure as defence minister until he took over from Fidel in July 2006, when the leader announced he had undergone intestinal surgery.

However, it had always been felt that his role would be temporary and a younger person would take over in the long term. One of the current favourites for the position is Carlos Lage, the 56-year old vice-president.

Lage, a paediatrician by profession, has risen to prominence in recent months after overseeing economic changes in Cuba, including negotiations over oil from Venezuela, whose president, Hugo Chávez, is Castro's strongest international supporter.

The US had designed a plan in 2005 to ensure a democratic transition on the island of 11.2 million people after his death. However, Castro insisted there would be no transition, and the island's socialist political and economic systems would live on after he is gone.

Castro's rise to power began on New Year's Day 1959, and his firm rule kept Cuba among the world's five last remaining communist countries, long after the breakup of the Soviet Union and collapse of communism across eastern Europe.

The US was the first country to recognise Castro's new role as leader after his guerrilla movement drove out then-president Fulgencio Batista. But the two countries quickly clashed over Castro's increasingly radical path, which saw many American properties and businesses seized.

Two years later, Castro declared his revolution to be socialist and soon invited aid from fellow communist state the Soviet Union.

His reign saw one of the most traumatic periods of history during which the world came close to nuclear war. Following the disastrous CIA-backed Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961, the US discovered nuclear-armed missiles on the island which led to a showdown until the Soviet Union agreed to remove them.

The fall of the Soviet Union plunged Cuba into financial crisis until the late 1990s, when it slowly recovered, help by a tourism boom.

Supporters of Castro have praised his ability to provide high levels of healthcare and education for Cuban citizens, while keeping the country fully independent of the US. But his critics describe him as a dictator whose ironclad rule denied civil liberties such as freedom of speech and movement.

Friday, February 15, 2008

Greenaway prepares to create Da Vinci coda


Robert Booth

Friday February 15, 2008

The Guardian

For five centuries Leonardo Da Vinci's The Last Supper has stood majestically still on the walls of a Milanese friary, the only disturbance the slow flaking of its priceless paint.

Now Peter Greenaway, the iconoclastic British film-maker, has been granted permission to wheel in projectors and bring to life the hidden stories he sees in the masterpiece.
Greenaway, 65, announced yesterday that he is planning to use dramatic lighting, projections and recordings of actors' voices to transform the depiction of the moment Christ announced that one apostle would betray him into something close to a film.

Instead of capturing just one moment, as Da Vinci did, Greenaway will turn the Last Supper into a narrative that stretches from Christ's birth to his crucifixion with voice given to the thoughts of each disciple as they work out which of them will betray him.

Unsurprisingly for a film director who served up a dead man at a different kind of dinner party in his 1989 film The Cook, The Thief, His Wife and Her Lover, Greenaway is courting fresh controversy when his project goes on show in April and May. He plans to project on to the refectory walls "raw and heavy" images of Christ's genitalia and naked crucifixion, taken from Da Vinci's other works.

It will be "an act of some significance that some people might regard as blasphemous," he said at the launch in London yesterday.
The project is part of an attempt by Greenaway to animate the world's greatest paintings. His targets include Picasso's Guernica, Monet's Waterlilies in Madrid and a Jackson Pollock in New York. He has even asked the Vatican if he can bring the series to a climax by projecting on to Michaelangelo's Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel.

The project, which has returned Greenaway to his earlier career as a painter, started in his adopted home town of Amsterdam where in 2006 he animated Rembrandt's The Nightwatch. It opens with a cock crowing at dawn. Light plays across figures and the voices of men are heard. There are explosions, infernos and rain before night comes and the show ends with the midnight bell.

"We burned it, flooded it and covered it in blood," he recalled. "But if you go there today you will find it completely untouched.

"I just want to get people to look again at art. Most people are visually under-educated and after the age of 11 schoolchildren are encouraged to concentrate on texts while visual arts are regarded as simply decorative and entertaining."

He has permission to tackle Veronese's Marriage of Cana in the Louvre in Paris this autumn and Las Meninas by Velázquez at the Prado in Madrid in 2009. He is in talks over the rest of his series and wants to take Guernica from Madrid to the Guggenheim in Bilbao. "I have to have a Cecil B deMille Cinerama canvas," he said. "Otherwise it just doesn't work."

His plans have divided the art world.

"Quite frankly, I don't see how these paintings, which have been good enough to move generations of people, are improved by the interventions of any film-maker," said the art critic Brian Sewell. "The Central Restoration Institute in Rome [which is supervising the Last Supper project] is out of its mind to allow this. They can't predict the effect this will have on an extremely fragile painting."

But Martin Kemp, professor of history of art at Oxford University and a Da Vinci expert, said the painter would have approved. "Greenaway has a terrific understanding of how painters work which is not true of every film-maker. There's no need to be stuffy about these things. If Leonardo had been around he would have been into moving images. You get the sense that he wanted his paintings to move."

Greenaway plans to make a sun rise behind Christ's head and light will fall and rise on the famous hand gestures "to give the notion of a symphony of togetherness".

The arrangement of the objects on the disciples' table will be projected as a constellation on the ceiling and the seven-minute show will climax with the light fading over the group and the shadows of each disciple stretching across the floor. Because of the painting's fragility, only 25 people will be able to watch at a time, but it will be relayed to thousands more.

"The idea is to make connections between 8,000 years of art and 112 years of cinema," Greenaway said. "We have a lot of detractors who have told us we shouldn't turn Leonardo Da Vinci into a film, but the sense of possible aesthetic combat is very exciting."


Supper guests
Many artists have reinterpreted Leonardo's masterpiece but none were allowed to use the real thing as a starting point. Sam Taylor-Wood's Wrecked had Christ replaced by a topless woman. Chris Offili's The Upper Room used 13 highly decorated pictures of monkeys made partly from elephant dung. Scottish painter Stuart Duffin has painted a 14ft version in oils in a Glaswegian church using modern figures.

Sunday, February 10, 2008

편집자들의 싸가지없는 매너

가끔 출판사나 신문사 편집자들에게서 메일이 온다
물론 원고청탁때문이다

유독 친한척하고
유독 급한척하면서
결론은 글을 써달라는건데...

나는 대부분 ... 아주 특별한 경우가 아닌한
평소 친분에 어찌할 수 없이 글을 써서 보내는 편이다

원고료를 상습적으로 밀리거나 떼먹는 곳에서 부탁을 하는 경우, 혹은
원하는 글의 주제가 나의 관심사와 많이 동떨어지는 경우, 혹은
마감시간을 고려해서 나의 스케줄이 정말로 글을 쓸 시간이 없는 경우 말고는
왠만하면 아무소리 않고 쓴다

그런데 어쩌다 위 경우가 되어서
진정으로 미안한 마음으로
(나도 기자노릇을 잠시 해보았기 때문에 정말 급할 때의 심정을 잘 안다)

아주아주 정중하게
'이래저래서 원고를 못쓰겠다 이해구한다'라고 메일을 보내면

열 중 아홉은 메일 그냥 씹는다
'사정이 그러하다니 어쩔 수 없군요 그럼 다음에 또 연락드리지요' 라는 식의
형식적 답 인사조차 안하는 싸가지 없는 편집자들이 대다수다

똥싸러 들어갈 때와 나올 때 다르다는 말
이럴때 쓰나보다

요즘 가뜩이나 신경질 나는 일도 많은데...
입에서 욕 나온다 정말..

Friday, February 08, 2008

Why Darwin matters_Richard Dawkins


Why Darwin matters

Richard Dawkins

This article appeared in the Guardian on Friday February 08 2008 on p4 of the Guardian special section. It was last updated at 12:13 on February 08 2008.


Charles Darwin had a big idea, arguably the most powerful idea ever. And like all the best ideas it is beguilingly simple. In fact, it is so staggeringly elementary, so blindingly obvious that although others before him tinkered nearby, nobody thought to look for it in the right place.
Darwin had plenty of other good ideas - for example his ingenious and largely correct theory of how coral reefs form - but it is his big idea of natural selection, published in On the Origin of Species, that gave biology its guiding principle, a governing law that helps the rest make sense. Understanding its cold, beautiful logic is a must.


Natural selection's explanatory power is not just about life on this planet: it is the only theory so far suggested that could, even in principle, explain life on any planet. If life exists elsewhere in the universe - and my tentative bet is that it does - some version of evolution by natural selection will almost certainly turn out to underlie its existence. Darwin's theory works equally well no matter how strange and alien and weird that extraterrestrial life may be - and my tentative bet is that it will be weird beyond imagining.

Explanation ratio

But what makes natural selection so special? A powerful idea assumes little to explain much. It does lots of explanatory "heavy lifting", while expending little in the way of assumptions or postulations. It gives you plenty of bangs for your explanatory buck. Its Explanation Ratio - what it explains, divided by what it needs to assume in order to do the explaining - is large.
If any reader knows of an idea that has a larger explanation ratio than Darwin's, let's hear it. Darwin's big idea explains all of life and its consequences, and that means everything that possesses more than minimal complexity. That's the numerator of the explanation ratio, and it is huge.

Yet the denominator in the explanatory equation is spectacularly small and simple: natural selection, the non-random survival of genes in gene pools (to put it in neo-Darwinian terms rather than Darwin's own).
You can pare Darwin's big idea down to a single sentence (again, this is a modern way of putting it, not quite Darwin's): "Given sufficient time, the non-random survival of hereditary entities (which occasionally miscopy) will generate complexity, diversity, beauty, and an illusion of design so persuasive that it is almost impossible to distinguish from deliberate intelligent design." I have put "which occasionally miscopy" in brackets because mistakes are inevitable in any copying process. We don't need to add mutation to our assumptions. Mutational "bucks" are provided free. "Given sufficient time" is not a problem either - except for human minds struggling to take on board the terrifying magnitude of geological time.

A certain kind of mind

It is mainly its power to simulate the illusion of design that makes Darwin's big idea seem threatening to a certain kind of mind. The same power constitutes the most formidable barrier to understanding it. People are naturally incredulous that anything so simple could explain so much. To a naive observer of the wondrous complexity of life, it just must have been intelligently designed.

But intelligent design (ID) is the polar opposite of a powerful theory: its explanation ratio is pathetic. The numerator is the same as Darwin's: everything we know about life and its prodigious complexity. But the denominator, far from Darwin's pristine and minimalist simplicity, is at least as big as the numerator itself: an unexplained intelligence big enough to be capable of designing all the complexity we are trying to explain in the first place!
Here may lie the answer to a nagging puzzle in the history of ideas. After Newton's brilliant synthesis of physics, why did it take nearly 200 years for Darwin to arrive on the scene? Newton's achievement seems so much harder! Maybe the answer is that Darwin's eventual solution to the riddle of life is so apparently facile.

Claims to priority were made on behalf of others, and by Patrick Matthew in the appendix to his work On Naval Timber, as was punctiliously acknowledged by Darwin in later editions of the Origin. However, although Matthew understood the principle of natural selection, it is not clear that he understood its power. Unlike Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, who hit on natural selection independently, prompting Darwin to publish his theory, Matthew seems to have seen selection as a purely negative, weeding-out force, not the driving force of all life. Indeed, he thought natural selection so obvious as to need no positive discovery at all.

Garbled versions

Although Darwin's theory can be applied to much beyond the evolution of organic life, I want to counsel against a different sense of Universal Darwinism. This is the uncritical dragging of some garbled version of natural selection into every available field of human discourse, whether it is appropriate or not.

Maybe the "fittest" firms survive in the marketplace of commerce, or the fittest theories survive in the scientific marketplace, but we should at very least be cautious before we get carried away. And of course there was Social Darwinism, culminating in the obscenity of Hitlerism.

Less obnoxious but still intellectually unhelpful is the loose and uncritical way in which amateur biologists apply selection at inappropriate levels in the hierarchy of life. "Survival of the fittest species, extinction of poorly adapted species" sounds superficially like natural selection, but the apparent resemblance is positively misleading. As Darwin himself was at pains to point out, natural selection is all about differential survival within species, not between them.
I'll end on a subtler legacy of Darwin's big idea. Darwin raises our consciousness to the sinewy power of science to explain the large and complex in terms of the small and simple. In biology we were fooled for centuries into thinking that extravagant complexity in nature needs an extravagantly complex explanation. Darwin triumphantly dispelled that delusion.

There remain deep questions, in physics and cosmology, that await their Darwin. Why are the laws of physics the way they are? Why are there laws at all? Why is there a universe at all? Once again, the lure of "design" is tempting. But we have the cautionary tale of Darwin before us. We've been through all that before. Darwin emboldens us - difficult as it is - to seek genuine explanations: explanations that explain more than they postulate.

Richard Dawkin FRS is the Charles Simonyi Professor of the Public Understanding of Science at Oxford. His latest book is The God Delusion

Monday, February 04, 2008

민노당은 죽었다


정말 지긋지긋하다. 통일주의자 김일성주의자들의 그 '대동단결'이...
대학시절부터 그 NL파들의 무식함이 그렇게 싫었었는데...
그나마 어렵사리 8년 여를 버텨온 민노당은
이제 무대포 주사파들에게 모든 당권을 넘겨주는 게 좋을 듯하다
이참에 당명도 그들이 원하던 것으로 바꿔야겠네 '민족자주당' 하하하하
그저 모든 것을 북한의 뜻에 따르고 싶어하는, 모든 것을 미제국주의의 탓에 돌리는
그들의 막나가는 노예근성을 어찌 고칠 수 있을까
그동안 민노당에 던진 나의 표가 이런 식으로 쓰레기가 되어서 정말 안타깝다
새롭게 출발하는 진보운동에 기대를 걸어야겠다
아..이 찝찝한 기분...

환자복 입은 자는 NL 골수 대장인 김창현 같은데... 주사바늘가지고 그 병이 고쳐지겠어??

Friday, February 01, 2008

What would a Microsoft-Yahoo deal mean for web users?

Bobbie Johnson assesses the implications for the two web giants' services and their users
Bobbie Johnson, technology correspondent

This article was first published on guardian.co.uk on Friday February 01 2008. It was last updated at 14:43 on February 01 2008.

Between them, Microsoft and Yahoo own some of the most popular online services in the world. Yahoo as a whole remains among the top websites on the net, used by more than 130 million people each month (MySpace is its biggest competitor); Microsoft, meanwhile, has hugely popular programs such as MSN Messenger in its pocket.

But what would it mean for ordinary users if the two were brought together?
The picture remains unclear at the moment, despite Microsoft saying it has created a detailed integration plan, but a deal would be likely to result in several popular products hitting the skids.

The email service Hotmail, for example, is one of Microsoft's flagship web products, but it remains second to Yahoo Mail, which has nearly half of the market. In the end, one system would probably end up overtaking the other, even if the names remain in place.

Elsewhere, closer integration of their competing instant messengers would make sense. With Microsoft the world's dominant software company thanks to the Windows platform, Yahoo messenger could eventually see the curtains come down.

It also appears likely the two would not be able to keep their search engines running separately. One of the main reasons to merge is the failure of their respective products – Yahoo search and Live search – to oust Google as the market leader. Recent figures suggest Yahoo search is more than twice the size of MSN at the moment.

Elsewhere, millions of people who use the pair's other services will be scratching their heads. What happens to your blog, photos or the music and video you have online?

Again, the news here could be better if you're an existing Yahoo user. Ray Ozzie, Microsoft's chief software architect, said these sorts of services are exactly what appeals in the deal. Yahoo is well placed, with a number of leading social web properties such as the photo-sharing website Flickr and the events site Upcoming. These would most likely replace some of Microsoft's less-used products.

Ultimately, the deal could lead to Yahoo's website incorporating many of the innovations Microsoft has tried to force through to the internet, including online Office programs, which have come under some fire as Google launches its own web-based documents and spreadsheets product.

"We need to increasingly embrace the internet, there will be innovations where Windows and Office continue to be energised by the internet," the Microsoft chief executive, Steve Ballmer, said today. "We have some thoughts, but a team from both companies would be best prepared to assess that."